RESUMO
Obesity and overweight are associated with lethal diseases. In this context, obese and overweight individuals infected by COVID-19 are at greater risk of dying. Obesity is treated by three main pharmaceutical approaches, namely suppressing appetite, reducing energy intake by impairing absorption, and increasing energy expenditure. Most compounds used for the latter were first envisaged for other medical uses. However, several candidates are now being developed explicitly for targeting obesity by increasing energy expenditure. This review analyzes the compounds that show anti-obesity activity exerted through the energy expenditure pathway. They are classified on the basis of their development status: FDA-approved, Withdrawn, Clinical Trials, and Under Development. The chemical nature, target, mechanisms of action, and description of the current stage of development are described for each one.
RESUMO
En la vida de Jerónimo de Ayanz hay un lapso de tiempo, desde noviembre de 1611 hasta su muerte, en marzo de 1613, del que no disponíamos de ninguna fuente documental. Recientemente, un impreso adquirido por la Biblioteca Nacional de España, y que hemos fechado en 1612, revela que el técnico estuvo activo hasta sus últimos días y nos muestra una nueva faceta suya: la experimentación científica. Este documento incluye una carta impresa dirigida al príncipe Emanuel Filiberto de Saboya. En la misiva, Ayanz presenta al príncipe un capítulo de un libro científico desconocido que estaba escribiendo en el que, a través de la experimentación, trata asuntos como la compulsión de los elementos, la existencia del vacío, el movimiento perpetuo, la esfera ígnea o la caída de los cuerpos. Nuestro objetivo es presentar este valioso documento y exponer los experimentos e innovadoras teorías científicas que Ayanz plantea (AU)
Recently, a printed document of Jerónimo de Ayanz, acquired by the Biblioteca Nacional de España (the National Library of Spain), has revealed that this inventor was active until the very last days of his life and shows his interest in technology, research and science. The document, addressed to the Prince Emmanuel Philibert of Savoy, is one chapter of a book, of which no copies are known, that Ayanz had prepared in 1612 and that he probably wanted to publish with the support of the Prince. In this paper we present and comment this important text, where the author discusses central scientific subjects of his time such as the compulsory movement of the elements, the existence of vacuum, the possibility of perpetual motion, the sphere of fire and falling bodies (AU)
